| * Assumes five individuals per household for household-level models. | ||||
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| Model | Estimate terminology | kWh/cap/year* | Methodology | Household needs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Goldemberg, et al. (1985) | Energy for basic human needs | 8766 total; 3506 noncommercial | Incorporates direct electricity and fuel needed to meet basic human requirements, including direct residential and indirect commercial consumption needs | Direct Residential: cooking, hot water, refrigeration, lights, TV, clothes washer; Indirect residential: transportation, manufacturing, agriculture, mining/construction |
| Pasternak (2000) | Electricity threshold for maximum HDI | 4000 | Human Development Index is plotted against annual per-capita electricity consumption, value of consumption that maximizes HDI (at 0.9) set as threshold | N/A |
| Pachauri and Spreng (2002) | Energy Poverty Line | 4383 | Aggregates energy consumption across urban and rural households, using Indian consumption data as basis, incorporating direct and indirect consumption. | Lighting, cooking, hot water, refrigerator, radio, TV |
| Pachauri and Spreng (2004) | Energy Poverty Line | 2360 (rural) | Breaks down estimates above for rural consumption | |
| Chidebell- Emordi (2014) | Minimal energy poverty line | 3068 (urban) | Survey data from Nigeria. Estimates requirements for basic household energy needs | Five light bulbs, a refrigerator, three fans, a television, a radio, a DVD player, an iron, a two-plate electric cooker, other tasks at sunset |
| Sierra Club (2014) | Access to energy (Tier 2) | 10 | Projects energy efficiency improvements to household appliance usage in tiered model | General lighting, TV, fan |
| Prayas (2015) | Dignified living | 2344 | Multiple estimation approaches for the year 2031 | N/A |
| IEA Standard | Modern energy access | 100 urban; 50 rural | N/A | N/A |
| ESMAP | Annual consumption level for energy access (Tier 4) | 250 | Multi-tier matrix of energy services and appliances available at each level, multiplied by daily use estimates | Task lighting, general lighting, phone charging, radio, fan, television, food processing, washing machine, refrigerator, iron |
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