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Blog Post
Scaling DFC’s Debt-for-Climate Program in Africa
Rakan Aboneaaj et al.
December 12, 2022
Debt and climate change are defining challenges for many countries in Africa. Governments across the continent are seeing their debt burdens mount—some to unsustainable levels—as they race to mobilize resources to adapt and respond to the increasingly severe climate crisis.
Blog Post
Is World Bank Lending a Hot Ticket in a Global Credit Crunch?
Clemence Landers
and
Rakan Aboneaaj
November 01, 2022
World Bank loan terms are becoming increasingly attractive as global interest rates soar. This is not because the Bank’s International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) loans have gotten cheaper, but because the average emerging market’s (EM) borrowing costs have risen so much more dram...
Blog Post
How the Global Debt Crisis Could Make the Hunger Crisis Worse
Clemence Landers
and
Rakan Aboneaaj
October 17, 2022
Not every country at risk of debt distress is at risk of a famine, and vice-versa. But for the handful of countries that are vulnerable to both, the interplay between the two crises could exact a devastating human toll.
BRIEFS
The ABCs of Sovereign Debt Relief
Rakan Aboneaaj et al.
October 11, 2022
We are living in a time when many countries face heightened debt vulnerabilities. There is no international bankruptcy mechanism for countries that default on their external obligations. The objective of the international financial architecture—historically overseen by the IMF and its shareholders— ...
Blog Post
A Dive into MDB Policy-Based Guarantees: Relevant but in Need of Reform?
Clemence Landers
and
Rakan Aboneaaj
July 20, 2022
Policy-based guarantees (PBGs) have long been a multilateral development bank (MDB) instrument in search of a purpose. PBGs—a credit enhancement for sovereign market borrowing—have been around for decades but their uptake has been limited. In most instances, they have proven remarkably effective in ...
CGD NOTES
MDB Policy-Based Guarantees: Has Their Time Come?
Clemence Landers
and
Rakan Aboneaaj
July 20, 2022
Multilateral development bank policy-based guarantees (PBGs) have long been an instrument in search of demand. First introduced in 1999 at the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development to help governments access market borrowing at attractive rates, their track-record has been uneven, an...
Blog Post
Message to Donors: The African Development Fund Replenishment Needs Ambition
Nancy Lee et al.
May 19, 2022
On the heels of last year’s landmark $93 billion replenishment of the World Bank’s IDA—and with the international community preoccupied with responding to Ukraine—the replenishment of the African Development Fund cannot be an afterthought.
CGD NOTES
Replenishing Africa’s Development Fund: A Time for Ambition
Nancy Lee et al.
May 19, 2022
The stakes are high for the African Development Fund (AfDF) as it kicks off its replenishment fundraising exercise this spring. Countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are still grappling with the health and economic fallout of the COVID-19 crisis, with over 30 million of their citizens pushed into po...
CGD NOTES
Multilateral Development Banks’ Crisis Response: What Instruments Do MDBs Offer and How Fast Do They Act?
Rakan Aboneaaj et al.
March 14, 2022
In the face of sudden economic shocks and natural disasters that limit the ability of economies to rapidly raise revenue, MDBs have the potential to play a leading role in crisis response to minimize the damage. One key factor in their success in this role is the speed of their financing instruments...
Blog Post
At the ADB and the World Bank, which Instruments Are Fastest in a Crisis?
Rakan Aboneaaj et al.
March 14, 2022
When sudden shocks like the COVID-19 pandemic cripple an economy’s ability to rapidly raise revenue and reallocate limited resources, multilateral development banks (MDBs) can lead the crisis response. MDBs provide a range of instruments that support countries in different ways and at different peri...

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