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Planned relocation of climate-vulnerable communities is increasingly necessary as climate shocks become more frequent and intense. It is also becoming more feasible as modelling of future scenarios improves and adaptation limits become clearer. Still, many governments are underprepared for planning ...

There is a major under-supply of financing for climate adaptation. This under-supply is expected to continue, and to grow. The 2009 commitment made by high-income countries to provide US$100 billion per year in climate finance was only achieved in 2022, two years late, with only US$32.4 billion (28 ...

Targeted migration programmes could mobilise significant finance (potentially hundreds of millions of dollars), contributing to meeting underfunded and growing climate adaptation needs at the most local level.

EU member states have ambitious green transition targets and healthcare strategies in place, requiring the relevant sectors to expand. Yet these sectors are already suffering from large workforce shortages. Expanding skilled migration from third countries to the EU to meet these shortages risks stri...

The green transition is widely expected to lead to high levels of net job creation, with roles distributed across the pay and skill spectrum. To fill these roles, many countries of destination will need to use migration alongside their domestic labour supply. Yet few countries of origin have enough ...