Almost 140,000 people die with a drug-resistant bacterial infection in Brazil every year due in large part to shortcomings in access, stewardship, and innovation for antimicrobials. Brazil’s existing Productive Development Partnerships system could be modified to reduce incentives for overselling an...
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a threat to global health security worldwide, and India carries one of the largest burdens of drug-resistant pathogens. The widespread misuse and overuse of antimicrobials is a major cause of the emergence and spread of resistant microorganisms. This study assess...
This paper provides an early assessment of five initial programs supported by the IMF’s new facility supported by the Resilience and Sustainability Trust to address two long-term challenges, climate change and pandemic preparedness. We find that its operations can be strengthened to better achieve t...
We construct a novel database covering more than 450 fiscal consolidation episodes in 185 countries during the period 1979-2019. Using discrete choice models, we then examine the (broader macroeconomic and political) factors motivating these fiscal consolidation episodes.
This note was first published as evidence submitted to the joint inquiry of the UK All-Party Parliamentary Groups (APPGs) on WASH and Antibiotics into the links between antibiotic resistance and lack of access to WASH.
This working paper aims to synthesise existing research and thinking on how antimicrobials are procured and ways to improve the current purchasing system.
Before the pandemic, the achievement of the SDGs by 2030 was doubtful in part because of the slow pace in generating additional revenues from domestic sources. As the financing needs have increased after the pandemic, the achievement of these goals will be delayed beyond 2030, unless additional fina...