Ideas to action: independent research for global prosperity
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Innovative, independent, peer-reviewed. Explore the latest economic research and policy proposals from CGD’s global development experts.
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Research
WORKING PAPERS
December 02, 2016
Internationally comparable test scores play a central role in both research and policy debates on education. However, the main international testing regimes, such as PISA, TIMSS, or PIRLS, include very few low-income countries. For instance, most countries in Southern and Eastern Africa have opted i...
ESSAYS
January 19, 2016
If Africa’s smallholder farmers are going to lift themselves out of poverty, they need access to formal financial services instead of the unstable, inflexible, informal arrangements that they currently rely on and that keep them poor. Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala and Janeen Madan review the ways in whi...