Research

Launched in December 2023, the Lusaka Agenda laid out a set of shifts and actions to strengthen financing for universal health coverage (UHC). A process for establishing mutual accountability for delivery is ongoing, including within the African Union, but metrics for assessing progress have not yet...

Exams influence how teachers teach, but most of our understanding comes from cross-sectional studies in OECD countries, particularly the USA. These dynamics might not apply elsewhere. We surveyed 321 Kenyan teachers during their transition from high- to low-stakes assessments in primary schools—the ...

High teacher attrition affects education systems through direct costs in replacing teachers who left the service, and indirect costs in classroom disruption and loss in experience. Efforts to address teacher shortage must be informed by which teachers leave and why. Using administrative data from Bu...

Target Product Profiles (TPPs) are a staple of the health sector. They are used to communicate client needs and requirements for products not currently available on the market, with information on how the new product will be used, by and for whom, and the minimum and ideal performance criteria. TPPs...

Corporal punishment is legal in many countries. Corporal punishment in schools remains legal in 63 countries. Implementing and enforcing legislation that prohibits corporal punishment across all settings is an important step towards keeping children safe. But, how far does the passing of legislation...

Adaptation is not a universal response to climate shocks, and while a lot of studies are geared towards building adaptive capacity of households, particularly in developing country settings, more recognition should be given to cultural and religious factors that may significantly mitigate responses.

This study investigates the short-term impacts of a school leadership professional development program implemented in 525 randomly selected schools across Rwanda from 2018 to 2019. The program aimed to enhance the skills of school headteachers in leadership, management, and teacher support. Although...