This CGD note summarizes the implications of the macroeconomic context and broader financing outlook for domestic and external health spending and proposes a “menu” of policy options to keep health spending on track and blunt negative impacts on health systems and population health around the world.

On balance, the Southeast Asian countries have done better than Latin American countries by pursuing export-led industrial strategies, however, unlike the Tigers, neither group has been able to enter the ranks of high-income countries. This note offers reasons for the shortfall in growth and briefly...

The next administration in Nigeria will face significant fiscal-macroeconomic challenges. This note focuses on adopting a more integrated and comprehensive framework for the conduct of fiscal policy, with emphasis on improving domestic resource mobilization, enhancing expenditure efficiency, and exp...

Exam data are closely guarded and there is very little research from lower-income countries on how exams influence educational or economic outcomes. Our new database on public examinations begins to fill this gap.

This paper identifies and explores a number of challenges in using international public climate finance effectively towards contributing to low-carbon and resilient growth in lower- and middle-income countries.

Ensuring rapid and equitable access to effective oral COVID-19 therapies is essential to reducing health disparities from COVID-19 and building a better response system for future epidemics and pandemics. A multipronged strategy for medical countermeasures must include antivirals, monoclonal antibod...