| Economy | Official rank 2018 | Fixed methodology rank 2018 | Difference in 2018 ranks (official rank - fixed methodology rank) | Difference in official rank (2018 - 2006) | Difference in fixed methodology rank (2018 - 2006) | Difference of the difference in official and fixed methodology ranks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Burundi | 164 | 86 | -78 | 21 | -80 | 101 |
| Bangladesh | 177 | 156 | -21 | 112 | 25 | 87 |
| Saudi Arabia | 92 | 40 | -52 | 54 | -30 | 84 |
| Maldives | 136 | 80 | -56 | 105 | 23 | 82 |
| Iraq | 168 | 104 | -64 | 54 | -22 | 76 |
| Kyrgyz Republic | 77 | 48 | -29 | -7 | -75 | 68 |
| Yemen, Rep. | 186 | 149 | -37 | 96 | 29 | 67 |
| Mauritania | 150 | 106 | -44 | 23 | -42 | 65 |
| Uganda | 122 | 102 | -20 | 50 | -15 | 65 |
| Pakistan | 147 | 117 | -30 | 87 | 24 | 63 |
| Micronesia, Fed. Sts. | 155 | 171 | 16 | 99 | 37 | 62 |
| Afghanistan | 183 | 168 | -15 | 61 | 0 | 61 |
| Botswana | 81 | 39 | -42 | 41 | -19 | 60 |
| Nigeria | 145 | 137 | -8 | 51 | -9 | 60 |
| Kiribati | 157 | 107 | -50 | 112 | 53 | 59 |
| Azerbaijan | 57 | 32 | -25 | -41 | -97 | 56 |
| Eritrea | 189 | 174 | -15 | 52 | 0 | 52 |
| Solomon Islands | 116 | 105 | -11 | 63 | 11 | 52 |
| Angola | 175 | 154 | -21 | 40 | -10 | 50 |
| Sierra Leone | 160 | 136 | -24 | 24 | -26 | 50 |
| Ethiopia | 161 | 144 | -17 | 60 | 12 | 48 |
| Jamaica | 70 | 49 | -21 | 27 | -19 | 46 |
| Niger | 144 | 115 | -29 | -6 | -52 | 46 |
| Belarus | 38 | 37 | -1 | -68 | -113 | 45 |
| Algeria | 166 | 129 | -37 | 38 | -7 | 45 |
| Ghana | 120 | 90 | -30 | 38 | -7 | 45 |
| Jordan | 103 | 94 | -9 | 29 | -15 | 44 |
| Nicaragua | 131 | 138 | 7 | 72 | 28 | 44 |
| Armenia | 47 | 38 | -9 | 1 | -42 | 43 |
| Kuwait | 96 | 66 | -30 | 49 | 7 | 42 |
| Uzbekistan | 74 | 51 | -23 | -64 | -106 | 42 |
| Mali | 143 | 120 | -23 | -3 | -43 | 40 |
| Venezuela, RB | 188 | 172 | -16 | 68 | 28 | 40 |
| Zambia | 85 | 68 | -17 | 18 | -22 | 40 |
| Kazakhstan | 36 | 23 | -13 | -50 | -89 | 39 |
| Sri Lanka | 111 | 89 | -22 | 36 | -3 | 39 |
| Marshall Islands | 149 | 153 | 4 | 101 | 62 | 39 |
| Timor-Leste | 178 | 167 | -11 | 36 | -2 | 38 |
| Congo, Dem. Rep. | 182 | 159 | -23 | 27 | -11 | 38 |
| Samoa | 87 | 61 | -26 | 48 | 11 | 37 |
| Iran, Islamic Rep. | 124 | 83 | -41 | 16 | -20 | 36 |
| São Tomé and Príncipe | 169 | 165 | -4 | 46 | 10 | 36 |
| Tunisia | 88 | 54 | -34 | 30 | -6 | 36 |
| China | 78 | 81 | 3 | -13 | -47 | 34 |
| Côte d'Ivoire | 139 | 119 | -20 | -6 | -40 | 34 |
| Benin | 151 | 139 | -12 | 22 | -10 | 32 |
| Madagascar | 162 | 140 | -22 | 31 | -1 | 32 |
| Central African Republic | 184 | 173 | -11 | 31 | 0 | 31 |
| Haiti | 181 | 169 | -12 | 47 | 16 | 31 |
| Mongolia | 62 | 45 | -17 | 1 | -30 | 31 |
| Palau | 130 | 118 | -12 | 80 | 49 | 31 |
| South Africa | 82 | 56 | -26 | 54 | 23 | 31 |
| Oman | 71 | 34 | -37 | 20 | -10 | 30 |
| Chad | 180 | 170 | -10 | 28 | -2 | 30 |
| Vanuatu | 90 | 76 | -14 | 41 | 11 | 30 |
| Congo, Rep. | 179 | 163 | -16 | 31 | 3 | 28 |
| Mozambique | 138 | 133 | -5 | 28 | 0 | 28 |
| Sudan | 170 | 128 | -42 | 19 | -7 | 26 |
| Ukraine | 76 | 78 | 2 | -48 | -74 | 26 |
| Belgium | 52 | 30 | -22 | 34 | 9 | 25 |
| Chile | 55 | 35 | -20 | 30 | 5 | 25 |
| Egypt, Arab Rep. | 128 | 113 | -15 | -13 | -38 | 25 |
| Burkina Faso | 148 | 141 | -7 | -6 | -30 | 24 |
| Guinea | 153 | 132 | -21 | 9 | -15 | 24 |
| Lao PDR | 141 | 110 | -31 | -6 | -30 | 24 |
| Lebanon | 133 | 100 | -33 | 38 | 15 | 23 |
| Paraguay | 108 | 85 | -23 | 20 | -3 | 23 |
| Syrian Arab Republic | 174 | 160 | -14 | 53 | 30 | 23 |
| Togo | 156 | 145 | -11 | 7 | -16 | 23 |
| Thailand | 26 | 19 | -7 | 6 | -16 | 22 |
| Fiji | 101 | 75 | -26 | 67 | 47 | 20 |
| Mauritius | 25 | 18 | -7 | 2 | -18 | 20 |
| Senegal | 140 | 142 | 2 | 8 | -12 | 20 |
| Lesotho | 104 | 114 | 10 | 7 | -10 | 17 |
| Japan | 34 | 21 | -13 | 24 | 8 | 16 |
| Nepal | 105 | 98 | -7 | 50 | 34 | 16 |
| Malaysia | 24 | 15 | -9 | 3 | -12 | 15 |
| Cameroon | 163 | 164 | 1 | 33 | 19 | 14 |
| Slovenia | 37 | 26 | -11 | -26 | -40 | 14 |
| Indonesia | 72 | 69 | -3 | -43 | -56 | 13 |
| Namibia | 106 | 109 | 3 | 73 | 60 | 13 |
| Kenya | 80 | 95 | 15 | 12 | 0 | 12 |
| Iceland | 23 | 12 | -11 | 11 | 0 | 11 |
| Russian Federation | 35 | 44 | 9 | -44 | -54 | 10 |
| Canada | 18 | 10 | -8 | 14 | 5 | 9 |
| Costa Rica | 61 | 82 | 21 | -28 | -37 | 9 |
| Papua New Guinea | 109 | 123 | 14 | 45 | 37 | 8 |
| Colombia | 59 | 60 | 1 | -7 | -14 | 7 |
| Norway | 8 | 4 | -4 | 3 | -4 | 7 |
| Rwanda | 41 | 53 | 12 | -98 | -105 | 7 |
| Ireland | 17 | 7 | -10 | 6 | 3 | 3 |
| Netherlands | 32 | 25 | -7 | 8 | 5 | 3 |
| Malawi | 110 | 126 | 16 | 14 | 12 | 2 |
| Hong Kong SAR, China | 5 | 3 | -2 | -2 | -3 | 1 |
| New Zealand | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | -1 | 1 |
| Georgia | 9 | 13 | 4 | -91 | -91 | 0 |
| Australia | 14 | 20 | 6 | 8 | 9 | -1 |
| Denmark | 3 | 5 | 2 | -5 | -4 | -1 |
| United Kingdom | 7 | 6 | -1 | -2 | -1 | -1 |
| Lithuania | 16 | 24 | 8 | 1 | 2 | -1 |
| Singapore | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | -1 |
| Tonga | 89 | 96 | 7 | 53 | 54 | -1 |
| Israel | 54 | 50 | -4 | 25 | 27 | -2 |
| Guyana | 126 | 97 | -29 | 21 | 24 | -3 |
| Macedonia, FYR | 11 | 22 | 11 | -70 | -67 | -3 |
| Puerto Rico (U.S.) | 64 | 72 | 8 | 42 | 47 | -5 |
| Taiwan, China | 15 | 9 | -6 | -20 | -15 | -5 |
| United States | 6 | 11 | 5 | 3 | 8 | -5 |
| Sweden | 10 | 16 | 6 | -4 | 2 | -6 |
| Spain | 28 | 31 | 3 | -2 | 5 | -7 |
| Finland | 13 | 17 | 4 | 0 | 7 | -7 |
| Poland | 27 | 41 | 14 | -27 | -20 | -7 |
| Uruguay | 94 | 99 | 5 | 9 | 16 | -7 |
| Bolivia | 152 | 158 | 6 | 41 | 50 | -9 |
| Cambodia | 135 | 148 | 13 | 2 | 11 | -9 |
| Serbia | 43 | 71 | 28 | -49 | -40 | -9 |
| Zimbabwe | 159 | 157 | -2 | 33 | 42 | -9 |
| Switzerland | 33 | 46 | 13 | 16 | 27 | -11 |
| Morocco | 69 | 55 | -14 | -33 | -22 | -11 |
| France | 31 | 36 | 5 | -13 | -1 | -12 |
| Portugal | 29 | 28 | -1 | -13 | -1 | -12 |
| Estonia | 12 | 27 | 15 | -4 | 9 | -13 |
| Albania | 65 | 63 | -2 | -52 | -38 | -14 |
| Bhutan | 75 | 91 | 16 | -29 | -14 | -15 |
| Czech Republic | 30 | 59 | 29 | -11 | 4 | -15 |
| Korea, Rep. | 4 | 8 | 4 | -23 | -8 | -15 |
| West Bank and Gaza | 114 | 127 | 13 | -11 | 5 | -16 |
| Germany | 20 | 33 | 13 | 1 | 18 | -17 |
| Peru | 58 | 47 | -11 | -13 | 4 | -17 |
| Latvia | 19 | 43 | 24 | -7 | 11 | -18 |
| Romania | 45 | 57 | 12 | -33 | -15 | -18 |
| India | 100 | 147 | 47 | -16 | 5 | -21 |
| Vietnam | 68 | 74 | 6 | -31 | -10 | -21 |
| Austria | 22 | 29 | 7 | -10 | 12 | -22 |
| Honduras | 115 | 124 | 9 | 3 | 25 | -22 |
| United Arab Emirates | 21 | 14 | -7 | -48 | -24 | -24 |
| Argentina | 117 | 152 | 35 | 40 | 65 | -25 |
| Mexico | 49 | 42 | -7 | -24 | 1 | -25 |
| Tanzania | 137 | 143 | 6 | -3 | 22 | -25 |
| Ecuador | 118 | 122 | 4 | 11 | 40 | -29 |
| Hungary | 48 | 77 | 29 | -4 | 25 | -29 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 86 | 135 | 49 | -1 | 29 | -30 |
| Brazil | 125 | 150 | 25 | 6 | 37 | -31 |
| Slovak Republic | 39 | 64 | 25 | 2 | 33 | -31 |
| Bulgaria | 50 | 62 | 12 | -12 | 22 | -34 |
| Dominican Republic | 99 | 111 | 12 | -4 | 30 | -34 |
| Moldova | 44 | 73 | 29 | -39 | -5 | -34 |
| Philippines | 113 | 146 | 33 | 0 | 39 | -39 |
| El Salvador | 73 | 108 | 35 | -3 | 37 | -40 |
| Guatemala | 97 | 130 | 33 | -12 | 30 | -42 |
| Italy | 46 | 52 | 6 | -24 | 18 | -42 |
| Turkey | 60 | 65 | 5 | -33 | 9 | -42 |
| Croatia | 51 | 79 | 28 | -67 | -23 | -44 |
| Greece | 67 | 87 | 20 | -13 | 34 | -47 |
| Panama | 79 | 112 | 33 | 22 | 73 | -51 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 107 | 92 | -15 | 44 | - | - |
| Belize | 121 | 93 | -28 | 30 | - | - |
| Comoros | 158 | 151 | -7 | 13 | - | - |
| Cabo Verde | 127 | 103 | -24 | 7 | - | - |
| Djibouti | 154 | 88 | -66 | -39 | - | - |
| Dominica | 98 | 84 | -14 | 38 | - | - |
| Gabon | 167 | 155 | -12 | 37 | - | - |
| Gambia, The | 146 | 134 | -12 | 18 | - | - |
| Guinea-Bissau | 176 | 161 | -15 | -4 | - | - |
| Equatorial Guinea | 173 | 162 | -11 | 23 | - | - |
| Grenada | 142 | 116 | -26 | 40 | - | - |
| St. Kitts and Nevis | 134 | 131 | -3 | 64 | - | - |
| St. Lucia | 91 | 67 | -24 | 22 | - | - |
| Suriname | 165 | 166 | 1 | 23 | - | - |
| Swaziland | 112 | 125 | 13 | 46 | - | - |
| Seychelles | 95 | 70 | -25 | 23 | - | - |
| Tajikistan | 123 | 58 | -65 | -98 | - | - |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 102 | 121 | 19 | 59 | - | - |
| St. Vincent and the Grenadines | 129 | 101 | -28 | 50 | - | - |
More Reading
Event
Time for a New Era in the Open Access Movement?
VIRTUAL
March 27, 2024 11:00—12:00 PM EST / 3:00 - 4:00 PM GMT
Blog Post
MDB Reform Research from Think Tanks Across the Globe
Karen Mathiasen
et al.
February 06, 2024
