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Research
Innovative, independent, peer-reviewed. Explore the latest economic research and policy proposals from CGD’s global development experts.
TESTIMONY
Remarks to the European Parliament on EFSD/ EFSD+
September 24, 2025
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TESTIMONY
September 24, 2025
Mikaela Gavas, Co-Director of Development Cooperation in Europe and Senior Policy Fellow was invited to share her expertise with the Committee on Foreign Affairs (AFET) and Committee on Development (DEVE) of the European Parliament on the European Fund for Sustainable Development, EFSD and EFSD+.
POLICY PAPER
April 29, 2025
With increasing pressure on European development budgets, optimizing the efficiency and impact of the European Union’s concessional finance is critical. This paper examines how the European Fund for Sustainable Development Plus (EFSD+) guarantee instrument can be strengthened to better support susta...
BRIEF
September 05, 2024
Financing needs in low- and middle-income countries are at all time high as a result of COVID-19 shocks, soaring debts and elevated interest rates. At the same time, there is increasing pressure on ODA budgets due to weak economic growth in Europe and conflicting priorities. The EU’s concessional fi...
BRIEF
July 16, 2024
A quest for economic security and strategic autonomy have come to define the EU’s politics. The need to compete globally for the finite resources required for the green and digital transitions, and rivalries between the US and China for global dominance, are all driving this agenda. We propose a res...
POLICY PAPER
March 21, 2024
Already constrained by the economic aftershocks of COVID-19, the impact of the war in Ukraine, and the food and climate crisis, low-income countries and lower-middle-income countries now face a combination of soaring debt and high interest rates. Confronted with insufficient liquidity to respond to ...
CGD NOTE
March 20, 2024
Development finance institutions (DFIs) and bilateral development agencies play different yet complementary roles that ultimately aim to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. But questions remain about how well this relationship works in practice. Recent analysis suggests that DFI and developme...
