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Research
Innovative, independent, peer-reviewed. Explore the latest economic research and policy proposals from CGD’s global development experts.
TESTIMONY
Remarks to the European Parliament on EFSD/ EFSD+
September 24, 2025
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REPORT
October 18, 2024
Across the developing world, decades of growth in primary and secondary school enrolment have begun to taper off. Millions of kids who are enrolled nevertheless fail to acquire basic literacy. And millions more are subjected to physical or sexual violence at school. Global action may be warranted, b...
BRIEF
September 17, 2024
Half of children in poor countries have lead poisoning which undermines their lifelong health and education. Prevention of lead exposure can be highly cost-effective and yet is grossly underfunded. We propose that the European Commission should pledge to end lead poisoning within the European Union,...
WORKING PAPER
April 11, 2024
This study investigates the short-term impacts of a school leadership professional development program implemented in 525 randomly selected schools across Rwanda from 2018 to 2019. The program aimed to enhance the skills of school headteachers in leadership, management, and teacher support. Although...
WORKING PAPER
February 05, 2024
Textbooks play a critical role in schooling around the world but many books continue to under-represent women and girls, and to portray men and women in stereotypical gendered roles. In this paper, we use quantitative text analysis to assess the degree of gender bias in a newly assembled corpus of 1...
WORKING PAPER
September 06, 2022
Can governments contract out school management at scale? In 2016 the Government of Punjab transferred management of over 4,000 failing primary schools to private operators. Schools remained free to students. Private operators received a government subsidy per enrolled student of less than half per-s...
