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WORKING PAPERS
December 07, 2023
Developing countries strongly emphasize enhancing foundational reading skills, with the expectation that such improvements will catalyze the development of new cognitive abilities and lead to improved life outcomes. However, the relationship between early educational gains and later-life achievement...
WORKING PAPERS
December 07, 2023
There is substantial evidence that cost-sharing in medical care constrains total health spending. However, there is relatively little (and unclear) evidence on its health effects, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This paper re-evaluates the link between outpatient cost-sharing and h...
Blog Post
December 07, 2023
A couple of weeks ago, the UK’s Minister for International Development, Andrew Mitchell, presented the first new White Paper on International Development for almost fifteen years to Parliament. Its release has prompted much comment. My own opinion leans towards measured praise. But so far, none of t...
Blog Post
December 06, 2023
This year’s, COP, the big UN climate conference, opened with the Independent High-Level Expert Group in Climate Finance saying trillions of dollars were required annually for developing countries to meet climate goals, the ONE campaign documenting that donors had utterly failed to deliver on their e...
CGD NOTES
December 06, 2023
Marginal abatement cost curves, which suggest the cheapest approaches to reducing carbon emissions, are out of favor in international climate finance discussions because they are not good tools to use when thinking about systemic and urgent change. On the other hand, international financing studies ...
Blog Post
December 06, 2023
As COP28 draws on, major multilateral development banks (MDBs) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) have made flashy announcements about their desire to expand debt-for-nature swaps. About a year ago, we warned against overestimating the efficacy of such swaps in addressing both climate change...
CGD NOTES
December 06, 2023
The first SDG4 target is to both expand access to universal secondary school and to ensure that all children achieve minimum learning outcomes in primary school. To the extent that action must be prioritized, this article argues that achieving universal secondary education is both more feasible at s...
WORKING PAPERS
December 06, 2023
Women’s credit constraints are related to gender differentials at the levels of the individual, the household, or the community. While constraints at the individual level tend to erase as women increase their wealth and business experience to match those of men, constraints that emerge from women’s ...
Blog Post
December 06, 2023
Men are the majority customers in bank lending portfolios throughout the world. The gender gap in access to credit is larger in developing countries and especially onerous for women entrepreneurs who suffered disproportionate employment and income losses during the recent COVID pandemic. What drives...