Aid
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What it measures
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Aid quality is just as important as aid quantity, so the CDI measures gross aid as a share of GNI adjusted for various quality factors: it subtracts debt service, penalizes “tied” aid that makes recipients spend aid only on donor goods and services, rewards aid to poor but relatively uncorrupt recipients, and penalizes overloading poor governments with many small projects.
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Ireland Overall
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Ireland Strengths
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- No tied or partially tied aid (rank: 1)
- High net aid volume as a share of the economy (0.55%; rank: 5)
- Large amount of private charitable giving attributable to tax policy (rank by share of GDP: 1)
- Selectivity: large share of aid to relatively poor countries with more democratic governments (rank: 3)
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Trade
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What it measures
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International trade has been a force for economic development for centuries. The CDI measures trade barriers in rich countries against exports from developing countries.
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Ireland Overall
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Ireland Weaknesses
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- High tariffs on agricultural products (38.7% of the value of imports; rank: 11)
- High agricultural subsidies (equivalent to 16.4% tariff; rank: 22)
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Investment
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What it measures
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Rich-country investment in poorer countries can transfer technologies, upgrade management and create jobs. The CDI includes a checklist of policies that support healthy investment in developing countries.
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Ireland Overall
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Ireland Weaknesses
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- Does not provide political risk insurance through a national agency
- Lacks policies to prevent double taxation of corporate profits earned in developing countries
- Does not actively participate in the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI)
- Does not provide support for outflows of portfolio investment
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Migration
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What it measures
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The movement of people from poor to rich countries provides unskilled immigrants with jobs, income and knowledge. This increases the flow of money sent home by migrants abroad and the transfer of skills when the migrants return.
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Ireland Overall
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Ireland Strengths
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- Large number of immigrants from developing countries entering Ireland (rank by share of population: 1)
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Ireland Weaknesses
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- Small share of foreign students from developing countries (37%; rank: 22)
- Only a small increase during the 1990s in the number of unskilled immigrants from developing countries living in Ireland (rank by share of population: 15)
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Environment
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What it measures
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Rich countries use a disproportionate amount of scarce resources, and poor countries are most vulnerable to global warming and ecological deterioration, so the CDI measures the impact of policies on the global climate, fisheries and biodiversity.
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Ireland Overall
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Ireland Strengths
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- Greenhouse gas emissions grew little in 1996–2006 despite rapid GDP growth (average annual growth rate/GDP, –6.0%; rank: 1)
- Small number of endangered species imports (rank: 1)
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Ireland Weaknesses
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- High greenhouse gas emissions rate per capita (16.7 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent; rank: 19)
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Security
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What it measures
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Since security is a prerequisite for development, the CDI rewards contributions to internationally sanctioned peacekeeping operations and forcible humanitarian interventions, rewards military protection of global sea lanes, and penalizes arms exports to poor and undemocratic governments.
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Ireland Overall
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Ireland Strengths
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- Few arms exports to poor and undemocratic governments (rank by share of GDP: 5)
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Ireland Weaknesses
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- No protection of global sea lanes
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Technology
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What it measures
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Rich countries contribute to development through the creation and dissemination of new technologies. The CDI captures this by measuring government support for R&D and penalizing strong intellectual property rights regimes that limit the dissemination of new technologies to poor countries.
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Ireland Overall
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Ireland Strengths
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- Low share of government R&D expenditure on defense (rank: 1)
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Ireland Weaknesses
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- Low government expenditure on R&D (rank by share of GDP: 20)
- Allows patents on plant and animal varieties
- Offers patent-like proprietary rights to developers of data compilations, including those assembled from data in the public domain
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