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Research
Innovative, independent, peer-reviewed. Explore the latest economic research and policy proposals from CGD’s global development experts.
TESTIMONY
Remarks to the European Parliament on EFSD/ EFSD+
September 24, 2025
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Research
BRIEF
September 30, 2024
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is responsible for a large and growing burden of mortality, morbidity, and economic impacts. This is due to three underlying problems: lack of access to essential antimicrobials, insufficient stewardship of these drugs to prevent overuse and misuse, and a dearth of inn...
CGD NOTE
September 05, 2024
Access to effective antimicrobials is crucial to any healthcare system, but in many countries, necessary antimicrobials are not available to patients because they have not been registered and/ or introduced. This introduction barrier is particularly prevalent in low- and middle-income countries (LMI...
WORKING PAPER
February 22, 2024
Antibiotic resistance (ABR) already contributes to almost five million deaths per year. Without action, this number will likely rise substantially. We provide the first comprehensive assessment of the economic drivers of ABR, arguing that ABR in large part arises from extensive unresolved market (an...
BRIEF
April 28, 2022
COVID-19 has disrupted health systems across the globe. Nigeria reported its first COVID-19 case in February 2020, and, since then, the government has rolled out four vaccines to help control the pandemic—Moderna, Oxford-Astra Zeneca (AZ), Johnson & Johnson (J&J) and Pfizer-BioNTech.
