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Research
Innovative, independent, peer-reviewed. Explore the latest economic research and policy proposals from CGD’s global development experts.
TESTIMONY
Remarks to the European Parliament on EFSD/ EFSD+
September 24, 2025
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Research
BRIEF
March 27, 2025
African health systems are at a crossroads, grappling with systemic challenges including workforce shortages, underfunded infrastructure, and climate-driven health burdens. Volatile financing—driven by unpredictable donor commitments and competing global priorities—has left countries vulnerable to d...
CGD NOTE
February 07, 2025
The political economy of global health financing is increasingly driven by fiscal constraints, geopolitical instability, and shifting power dynamics. The COVID-19 pandemic stalled or reversed health gains, and countries and donors now face tightening budgets and rising debt repayments, threatening t...
POLICY PAPER
December 16, 2024
After decades of research and development, two new malaria vaccines entered routine administration this year, and are projected to save 180,000 children’s lives by 2030. But under current plans, roughly 2.5 million children will die of malaria unvaccinated over the same period. What’s stopping a fas...
POLICY PAPER
September 11, 2024
Adopting a "New Compact" approach, where the Ethiopian government finances top-priority health interventions while donor aid extends coverage to additional high-value services, could significantly enhance health outcomes, potentially increasing healthy life years by 15 percent. However, full impleme...
POLICY PAPER
September 06, 2024
Launched in December 2023, the Lusaka Agenda laid out a set of shifts and actions to strengthen financing for universal health coverage (UHC). A process for establishing mutual accountability for delivery is ongoing, including within the African Union, but metrics for assessing progress have not yet...
WORKING PAPER
January 29, 2024
A two-stage experiment disentangles the effect of various aspects of pay-for-performance contracts. The first is a lab-in-the-field experiment where 1,359 health workers are primed with a checklist of salient clinical tasks, then randomized within 690 clinics to receive no incentives, rewards, or pe...
CASE STUDY
June 01, 2023
For the last three decades, Zambia has implemented a series of policies to gradually work towards Universal Health Coverage (UHC). This case study delves into the process followed by the government of Zambia in developing those policies, with the aim of supporting other countries embarking on the jo...
