Press Release

Bold Plan Unveiled to Tackle Financial Contagion in Emerging Markets

Un plan audaz es revelado para enfrentar el contagio financiero en los mercados emergentes

October 15, 2024

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POLICY PAPER
A Proposal for the IMF
Latin American Committee on Macroeconomic and Financial Issues (CLAAF)
October 15, 2024

On the eve of IMF meetings, leading Latin American economists propose a new IMF-managed fund to shield markets from systemic liquidity crises. 

CONTACT:
Evan Ottenfeld
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WASHINGTON – Today, a group of leading Latin American economists and former government officials released an innovative proposal to tackle a critical flaw in the current international financial architecture: the failure to address the fundamental asymmetry between countries that issue reserve currencies and those that do not, leaving the latter vulnerable in the face of a liquidity crisis.

While advanced economies can effectively mitigate the unwarranted effects of systemic liquidity crises by issuing their own currency, emerging markets must rely on a large accumulation of advanced economy currencies through the buildup of expensive international reserves—reserves which still may be insufficient to weather a crisis, and cannot prevent the spread of financial contagion.

The solution? An IMF-managed emerging market fund (EMF) designed to confront systemic liquidity crises affecting emerging markets and developing economies. This proposal comes as part of a broader discussion on IMF reform taking place next week.

Championed by the Latin American Committee on Macroeconomic and Financial Issues (CLAAF by its Spanish acronym), the EMF would be capable of making temporary purchases of emerging market sovereign debt in secondary markets when there is evidence of financial contagion effects, unwarranted by countries’ own economic fundamentals.

“During shocks like the global financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic, interventions from central banks in advanced economies helped keep the global economy afloat. They intervened because it was in their interest to preserve financial market stability,” said Liliana Rojas-Suarez, chair of the CLAAF group and director of the Latin America Initiative at the Center for Global Development. “But if the epicenter of a crisis did not affect advanced economies, it’s quite unlikely central banks would provide liquidity to the international bond market of emerging countries.

EMF interventions are not loans, like most IMF instruments. Instead, they focus on stabilizing international bond markets to contain contagion, rather than targeting individual countries. Critically, this means that countries don’t have to request activation, avoiding the pernicious stigma often associated with seeking IMF assistance. The EMF Board would have the authority to decide when and how to intervene, as well as the basket or index of countries subject to its intervention. It would also take pressure off emerging markets to maintain vast, costly reserves of foreign currencies that could otherwise be invested and spur growth, while complementing the IMF's existing toolkit for managing liquidity crises

“There is broad interest in IMF reform and ways to address liquidity problems at crisis time,” said Rojas-Suarez. “But the undue instability that many emerging markets face could be avoided if the EMF were already in place before the eruption of these crises, allowing these countries to focus on developing their economies and helping their people thrive.”

Read the entire proposal, which includes a frequently asked questions guide produced by the committee.  

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Note to editors: The Latin American Committee on Macroeconomic and Financial Issues (CLAAF) is composed of top Latin American economists, former finance ministers, central bank governors, academic experts, and other senior officials from across Latin America, highly recognized by their expertise on the region’s financial issues and markets. The members who produced the statement include:  

  • Laura Alfaro, Warren Albert Professor, Harvard Business School; former Minister of National Planning and Economic Policy, Costa Rica. 
  • Guillermo Calvo, Professor Emeritus, Columbia University; former Chief Economist, Inter-American Development Bank. 
  • José De Gregorio, Professor of Economics, University of Chile; former Governor of the Central Bank and former Minister of Economy, Mining and Energy, Chile. 
  • Augusto De La Torre, former Chief Economist for Latin America and the Caribbean, World Bank; former Governor, Central Bank of Ecuador. 
  • Pablo Guidotti, Professor of the Government School, University of Torcuato di Tella; former Vice Minister of Economy, Argentina. 
  • Enrique Mendoza, Presidential Professor of Economics, University of Pennsylvania. 
  • Ernesto Talvi, Senior Fellow, Real Instituto Elcano, Madrid; former Executive Director, CERES; former Minister of Foreign Relations, Uruguay. 
  • Liliana Rojas-Suarez, president, CLAAF; Senior Fellow and Director of the Latin American Initiative, Center for Global Development; former Chief Economist for Latin America, Deutsche Bank. 
  • Andrés Velasco, Dean of the School of Public Policy, London School of Economics, UK; former Finance Minister, Chile.