Ideas to action: independent research for global prosperity
Research
Innovative, independent, peer-reviewed. Explore the latest economic research and policy proposals from CGD’s global development experts.
WORKING PAPERS
April 11, 2024
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April 15, 2024
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April 08, 2024
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Research
POLICY PAPERS
November 18, 2021
A considerable body of recent research attempts to shed light on China’s bilateral aid and finance flows, but there have been fewer efforts focused on China’s participation in multilateral development channels. As a result, China’s role across the landscape of multilateral institutions and funds is ...
POLICY PAPERS
November 10, 2021
An increasing share of official development assistance is being used for climate-related activities. This trend is continuing despite the lack of comprehensive cost-effectiveness evidence to guide spending decisions and continuing concerns that few applications are effective or efficient mechanisms ...
POLICY PAPERS
October 26, 2021
Finance institutions take money from foreign aid budgets to invest in private enterprises. How much should they be given? We can make some progress on that question by looking at the return on investment in the form of higher real incomes for workers and customers, and comparing that to a cash trans...
POLICY PAPERS
August 11, 2021
The Online Survey of Micro- and Small-Enterprises is a continuing effort to gain a better understanding of China’s micro- and small- enterprises and self-employed businesses by conducting quarterly surveys. The key findings of the first quarter 2021 survey are as follows.
POLICY PAPERS
July 28, 2021
Despite the concerted efforts of the Indonesian government to increase financial inclusion and the e-commerce–led growth of digital payment services, a large proportion of the country’s population remains financially excluded. Much of the growth and innovation has mainly benefited those already fina...
POLICY PAPERS
July 08, 2021
While several comparable countries in sub-Saharan Africa have seen a significant increase in financial inclusion, mainly driven by digital financial services, Ethiopia still performs poorly. Even digital payment and transfer services, which lower-income and less literate segments of the population c...