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Innovative, independent, peer-reviewed. Explore the latest economic research and policy proposals from CGD’s global development experts.
TESTIMONY
Remarks to the European Parliament on EFSD/ EFSD+
September 24, 2025
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CGD NOTE
October 18, 2024
The comprehensive reform agendas for the multilateral development banks (MDBs) constitute the most ambitious effort to overhaul these institutions since their launch at Bretton Woods 80 years ago. But ambitious agendas can and often do languish. CGD has built an MDB reform tracker as an independent,...
CGD NOTE
September 16, 2024
Africa, developing Asia excluding China, and Latin America have contributed less than 20 percent of cumulative global carbon emissions. But they are on the receiving end of negative climate impacts on growth, poverty reduction, and human development. They disproportionately confront heat, droughts, ...
CGD NOTE
June 05, 2024
This paper reviews PSW performance and, based on our findings, offers recommendations to strengthen performance going forward. Our review is based on key indicators of success, including usage rates (commitments and disbursements), whether PSW investments have helped spur higher levels of IFC and MI...
CGD NOTE
April 11, 2024
The reform agenda is long and complicated. MDB shareholders, managers, and other stakeholders need a systematic way to assess progress as objectively and independently as possible. CGD has built this MDB reform tracker for this purpose. The aim is a comprehensive tool, but also a focus on reform pro...
CGD NOTE
November 07, 2022
The assignment is clear. During this year’s Annual Meetings of the IMF and World Bank, shareholders instructed the World Bank to develop a work program for its own evolution (“to identify gaps in the Bank’s current institutional and operational framework…”) by the end of the year. Secretary Yellen l...
CGD NOTE
May 19, 2022
The stakes are high for the African Development Fund (AfDF) as it kicks off its replenishment fundraising exercise this spring. Countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are still grappling with the health and economic fallout of the COVID-19 crisis, with over 30 million of their citizens pushed into po...
POLICY PAPER
February 15, 2022
As the global financial community considers how to extend debt relief accompanied by IMF adjustment programs to vulnerable low-income countries, the issue of policy conditions for fiscal adjustment will inevitably arise. This paper considers the effectiveness of conditions related to domestic revenu...
