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Research
Innovative, independent, peer-reviewed. Explore the latest economic research and policy proposals from CGD’s global development experts.
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Remarks to the European Parliament on EFSD/ EFSD+
September 24, 2025
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Research
WORKING PAPER
December 18, 2024
Facing major fiscal and balance-of-payments headwinds, Ghana embarked on a comprehensive restructuring of its sovereign debt in December 2022.It was assessed that to return to sustainability, Ghana’s public debt should decline from nearly 90 percent of GDP to 55 percent of GDP with significant debt ...
POLICY PAPER
December 17, 2024
Côte d'Ivoire, Kenya, Rwanda, and Senegal invest less than 0.2 percent of GDP and about 2 percent of their education budgets on pre-primary education, below international recommendations. We recommend policies to enhance transparency, prioritize early childhood funding, and use international aid to ...
POLICY PAPER
December 16, 2024
After decades of research and development, two new malaria vaccines entered routine administration this year, and are projected to save 180,000 children’s lives by 2030. But under current plans, roughly 2.5 million children will die of malaria unvaccinated over the same period. What’s stopping a fas...
WORKING PAPER
November 20, 2024
Where do caregivers of school children stand on the perennial debate on cash versus in-kind transfers for social protection and human capital development? This paper explores the predictors of parental preferences for alternative modalities in the context of Ghana’s national school feeding programme...
REPORT
November 13, 2024
Drawing on extensive research and consultations with adolescent girls, policy makers, and practitioners, this report reveals that investing in adolescent girls can yield a tenfold return in economic impact. It outlines six key areas for targeted action: building human capital, enhancing economic suc...
WORKING PAPER
October 24, 2024
Having its public debt written off as part of the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries initiative in 2005, Zambia welcomed significant investment in the late 2000s, particularly from Chinese state-owned banks, to propel economic development and diversify its economy beyond natural resources. While these ...
POLICY PAPER
October 07, 2024
The decision to end the use of fossil fuels for energy production by 2050 will have major implications for global trade and investment flows. This paper examines the likely effects of the permanent collapse in demand for oil on three large and systemically significant African countries that are vita...
