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Innovative, independent, peer-reviewed. Explore the latest economic research and policy proposals from CGD’s global development experts.
TESTIMONY
Remarks to the European Parliament on EFSD/ EFSD+
September 24, 2025
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CGD NOTE
April 24, 2025
In 2024, AfDB President Akinwumi Adesina urged shareholders to support a highly ambitious target of $25 billion for ADF 17, up from $9 billion for ADF 16 (which included $429 million for a new climate action window). Now, even meeting ADF 16 targets would represent a major victory because the ADF’s ...
CGD NOTE
March 17, 2025
At the ninth Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC-9) in September 2024, China reaffirmed its position as Africa’s largest bilateral creditor. President Xi announced a resource package of just over $50 billion, $10 billion more than the 2021 proclamation. It came as a palpable relief to the Afric...
WORKING PAPER
December 18, 2024
Facing major fiscal and balance-of-payments headwinds, Ghana embarked on a comprehensive restructuring of its sovereign debt in December 2022.It was assessed that to return to sustainability, Ghana’s public debt should decline from nearly 90 percent of GDP to 55 percent of GDP with significant debt ...
WORKING PAPER
October 24, 2024
Having its public debt written off as part of the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries initiative in 2005, Zambia welcomed significant investment in the late 2000s, particularly from Chinese state-owned banks, to propel economic development and diversify its economy beyond natural resources. While these ...
POLICY PAPER
October 07, 2024
The decision to end the use of fossil fuels for energy production by 2050 will have major implications for global trade and investment flows. This paper examines the likely effects of the permanent collapse in demand for oil on three large and systemically significant African countries that are vita...
CGD NOTE
August 23, 2023
Across several African countries, there has been a troubling trend of infrastructure being stripped to sell as scrap metal. People have been arrested for ripping out and selling rail sleepers in South Africa and Ghana, pylon and copper wires in Uganda, and streetlamp meters in Liberia. That strippin...
