A lively panel discussion followed with Elmar Vinh-Thomas, Acting Deputy Director of Operations, The Global Fund; Jean-Jacques de St. Antoine,Lead Operations Officer, Human Development, East and Southern Africa, World Bank; Thomas Kenyon, Principal Deputy Coordinator and Chief Medical Officer, PEPFAR; and Simon Mphuka,Executive Director, Churches Health Association of Zambia. Jennifer Kates,Vice President and Director, HIV Policy, Kaiser Family Foundation, moderated the discussion.