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Innovative, independent, peer-reviewed. Explore the latest economic research and policy proposals from CGD’s global development experts.
TESTIMONY
Remarks to the European Parliament on EFSD/ EFSD+
September 24, 2025
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TESTIMONY
March 21, 2024
On Thursday, March 21, 2024, CGD Senior Fellow Charles Kenny appeared before the Subcommittee on National Security, the Border, and Foreign Affairs of the House Committee on Oversight and Accountability at a hearing titled “Accountable Assistance: Reviewing Controls to Prevent Mismanagement of Forei...
WORKING PAPER
March 21, 2024
Since 2011, the World Bank’s education strategy has emphasized the need to shift focus from schooling to learning, and towards primary education with special attention to foundational skills. But this shift is not always easy to see in the actual lending data. Coding new details on 25 years of World...
POLICY PAPER
March 21, 2024
Already constrained by the economic aftershocks of COVID-19, the impact of the war in Ukraine, and the food and climate crisis, low-income countries and lower-middle-income countries now face a combination of soaring debt and high interest rates. Confronted with insufficient liquidity to respond to ...
CGD NOTE
March 20, 2024
Development finance institutions (DFIs) and bilateral development agencies play different yet complementary roles that ultimately aim to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. But questions remain about how well this relationship works in practice. Recent analysis suggests that DFI and developme...
POLICY PAPER
March 18, 2024
The IMF’s Resilience and Sustainability Trust (RST) has been operational for over a year, with the first seventeen countries receiving commitments of financial support. But if lending from the RST is to achieve its objectives, the IMF should make it fitter for purpose by taking a radically different...
CGD NOTE
March 15, 2024
The November guidance on RSF seems to have addressed some of the shortcomings observed in the initial RSF programs. However, as we highlight in this note, other deficiencies remain unresolved and require attention from the IMF’s Executive Board during the upcoming RSF review.
CGD NOTE
March 11, 2024
Pakistan’s recent economic history shows why it has been so difficult to service the external debt and why this will continue to be a challenge in the future. First, external debt has not been used to expand public investment for many years now; instead, it has largely supported government consumpti...
